The small margin produced an automatic recount under Florida state law, which began the day after the election. A: Nobody can say for sure who might have won. [9] Some late momentum for Gore and his Jewish running mate Joe Lieberman may have come from southern Florida's significant Jewish population. It was the closest presidential election in American history, with only several hundred votes in Florida determining the winner out of more than 100 million ballots cast nationwide. In late October, however, the gap in the polls between Bush and Gore narrowed dramatically. The 2000 election was determined by the American voting public. The election hinged on results from the state of Florida, where the vote was so close as to mandate a recount. It also remarks that there were variations between examiners and that election officials often did not provide the same number of undervotes as were counted on Election Day. [80], The NORC was expecting 176,446 uncounted ballots to be available from Florida's counties, based on county precinct reports that produced the final, state-certified vote totals. Orange County then performed a hand segregation and determined that these votes numbered 184 for Bush, 249 for Gore and 79 for other candidates. Map of the United States showing the number of electoral votes at stake in each state, colored red or blue according to whether Bush (red) or Gore (blue) won the state. The ruling effectively awarded Floridas 25 votes in the electoral collegeand thus the election itselfto Republican candidate George W. Bush. Some media reports focused on undervotes (chad blocked hole, wrong ink or pencil used, partial oval mark not detected, humidity affected scanner, ballot feeder misalignment), while others also included overvotes (hole punched or oval filled plus a write-in name, other multi-marked ballots). When the county segregated all ballots by machine for the NORC review, 512 previously rejected ballots were determined to be completely valid. The case then raced through the state-level court and headed to the US Supreme Court. On November 28, Judge N. Sanders Sauls of Leon County Circuit Court rejected Gore's request to include the recount results from Miami-Dade and Palm Beach Counties. Gore received the most votes, with 48.4% of the popular vote compared to 47.9% for Bush. The Palm Beach County recount and the Miami-Dade County recount (having been suspended) were still incomplete at 5:00p.m. on November 26, when Harris certified the statewide vote count with Bush ahead by 537 votes. Election results in some states, including New Mexico and Oregon, were too close to call, but it was Florida, with its 25 electoral votes, on which the outcome of the election hinged. Couldn't they have just redone the entire election? Nine counties (Alachua, Columbia, DeSoto, Glades, Lake, Sarasota, Seminole, Sumter and Wakulla) reported that it was their intent to count reclaimable overvotes under the Florida Supreme Court order. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. It was anecdotal evidence at best, and local authorities argued persuasively that the police presence near a polling place was pure coincidence. Five hundred thirty-seven votes. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 25 electors who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. "[50], On The Today Show of November 9, 2000, Buchanan said, "When I took one look at that ballot on Election Night it's very easy for me to see how someone could have voted for me in the belief they voted for Al Gore. Expert groups continue to recommend use of the drug during pregnancy when necessary and in consultation with a doctor. Preventing the canvassing boards from continuing to conduct recounts beyond the seven-day timeframe (specified in the law, but with ambiguity as to how firm it was intended to be), would "summarily disenfranchise innocent electors [voters]" and could not be allowed unless the recounts continued for so long as to "compromise the integrity of the electoral process." Regarding the first issue, the court ruled that, while Harris was generally entitled to deference in her interpretation of state laws, in this case the interpretation "contravene[d] the plain meaning" of the phrase "error in the vote tabulation" and so must be overturned. Also at issue was the so-called butterfly ballot design used in Palm Beach county, which caused confusion among some Gore votersprompting them to inadvertently cast their votes for third-party candidate Pat Buchanan, who received some 3,400 (some 20 percent of his total votes statewide). Both campaigns immediately dispatched teams of lawyers to Florida. In the Election of 2000, Florida was. Cantal Asia? According to standards being applied by each county at the time. While Democrats did make their way down to Florida, there was nothing like the certainty or the passion that ignited Republicans. Bush ultimately prevailed after a strenuous fight, including an especially brutal effort by the Bush campaign in the South Carolina primary. When we revisit the gut-wrenching night of Nov. 7, 2000, we recall that the TV networks looked at exit polls and sample swing precincts from Florida and declared it a win for Al Gore, who was the incumbent vice president and the Democratic nominee for president. Direct link to Tristan Lvin's post Couldn't they have just r, Posted 5 years ago. Print and broadcast media cited often contradictory exit-polling numbers, and the races in Oregon and New Mexico would remain too close to call for some days. In effect, the latter ruling made Bush president. How such recounts in the case at hand could be made to fit into the statutory scheme, which, as Harris interpreted it, contemplated a quick certification followed, if necessary, by an election contest during which a court (rather than the canvassing boards) would be empowered to correct errors. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Direct link to SoccerboyH2's post IF the results were "scat, Posted 2 years ago. According to the study, 3146 (3%) of the 111,261 examined overvotes "contained clear and therefore legally valid votes not counted in any of the manual recounts during the dispute. Four counties distributed sample ballots to voters that differed from the actual ballot used on election day, including Duval County, which used a caterpillar ballot, so called because the list of presidential candidates stretched over two pages. These convoluted ballot designs led to calls for election and voting reform, and some states installed electronic voting machines to ensure greater accuracy in future elections. Rachel Bucchino is a reporter at theNational Interest. Democrats claimed that many of these were not felons and should have been eligible to vote under Florida law. Undervotes (ballots that did not register any vote when counted by machine) were the subject of much media coverage, most of the lawsuits and the Florida Supreme Court ruling. Was there anything else that he could have done? Ultimately, the contest focused on Florida. Due to the narrow margin of the original vote count, Florida Election Code 102.141 mandated a statewide machine recount,[5] which began the day after the election. Bush, Ronald Reagan and Richard Nixon. A Project of The Annenberg Public Policy Center, Under the two most likely scenarios, Bush Wins Florida, Florida voter errors cost Gore the election. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. 34K 2.2M views 4 years ago #HistoryChannel Learn how Florida ended up determining whether Al Gore or George W. Bush would win the U.S. presidency in 2000. I get that people would want a shorter or regular-timed election, but a recount would help decide who actually won the election. Updates? [4], An analysis of the NORC data by University of Pennsylvania researcher Steven F. Freeman and journalist Joel Bleifuss concluded that, no matter what standard is used, after a recount of all uncounted votes, Gore would have been the victor. our elections: badly kept lists, shoddy ballots during the 2000 Presidential Election. In comparison, counties that used paper ballots scanned by computers at voting places (in order to give voters a chance to correct their ballot if it had an error) had just 1 in 200 uncountable ballots. There were punch-card ballots where the voters' attempt to make their choice had only succeeded in detaching a portion of the perforated paper ("hanging chads" ) or merely denting rather than removing the punch-out ("dimpled chads"). Further, counties and precincts with large black populations disproportionately had technologies where ballots would predictably go uncounted. The "set aside" ballots were dimpled ballots that were challenged by the two parties. How does the election of 2000 compare to other presidential elections? First of all, this is a completely different election from the one 20 years ago, Goretold NBC News, saying that Biden has multiple pathways to secure his victory over Trump. Only a fourth of the variance consisted of optical ballots. Escambia County also reported completing its recount that day but did not include all of its precincts. The NORC adjusted its analysis for the Orange County results and a few minor differences by increasing the starting baseline vote total by 535 votes. The 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida was a period of vote recounting in Florida that occurred during the weeks after Election Day in the 2000 United States presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore. "[4] According to Anthony Salvado, a political scientist at the University of California, Irvine, who acted as a consultant on the media recount, most of the errors were caused by ballot design, ballot wording, and efforts by voters to choose both a president and a vice president. [79] Some counties produced their rejected ballots by rerunning all ballots through tabulation machines but were unable to deliver all problem ballots because machines accepted more ballots than previously certified and rejected fewer. a) helping the poor b) writing about slavery c) her Abolitionist newspaper d) running the underground railroad, what was fredrick dounglass best known for? The day of inauguration is in January and voting day is held in early November. Charges of conflict of interest were leveled by both sidesBushs brother Jeb was the governor of the state and Secretary of State Katherine Harris was cochair of Bushs Florida campaign, while Florida Attorney General Bob Butterworth headed the Gore campaign. Specifically, the use of different standards of counting in different counties violated the Equal Protection Clause of the U.S. Constitution. Gore request for recounts in four counties: Florida Supreme Court order: accepts completed recounts for Broward, Palm Beach, Volusia and Miami-Dade (139 precincts); applies the above "prevailing standard" (but with no overvotes) to remaining Miami-Dade and other 63 counties. [4] According to The Palm Beach Post, "State lawmakers decided to weed out felons and other ineligible voters in 1998 after a Miami mayoral election was overturned because votes had been cast by the convicted and the dead. Why or why not? What good and Ideas came from china ? According to their results, Bush won under stricter standards and Gore won under looser standards. [37] Because there was no clear indication of what the voters intended, those numbers were not included in the consortium's final tabulations. It won Outstanding Television Movie at the Primetime Emmy Awards, with Roach winning Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special, and Dern a Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress Series, Miniseries or Television Film. By November 10 the machine recount was complete, and Bushs lead stood at 327 votes out of six million cast. County officials tried to discern voter intent through a cloud of hanging chads (incompletely punched paper ballots) and pregnant chads (paper ballots that were dimpled, but not pierced, during the voting process), as well as overvotes (ballots that recorded multiple votes for the same office) and undervotes (ballots that recorded no vote for a given office). Eventually, the Gore campaign appealed to the Florida Supreme Court, which ordered the recount to proceed. Great Britain,France,Germany,Russia,Italy,Japan, Explain five reason why self examination is important. The same day, a state judge upheld that deadline but ruled that further recounts could be considered later. On November 14, Democratic lawyer Mark Herron authored a memo on how to challenge flawed ballots, including overseas ballots cast by members of the military. florida expired registration fee; bahama breeze yellow rice recipe. The Florida Supreme Court extended the deadline for the recount and ordered a manual recount. Once the closeness of the election in Florida was clear, both the Bush and Gore campaigns organized themselves for the ensuing legal process. Florida had 25 electoral votes and became the focus of a court battle over the outcome of the election. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Direct link to 18_pkemp's post I have heard that Jeb Bus, Posted 6 years ago. Her work has appeared in The Washington Post, U.S. News & World Report andThe Hill. ballots recorded by the assigned review coders as either having "multiple marks" or no punches in the presidential section of ballots, or having indications of voter intent (that meet dynamic filter criteria) recorded by just one of three coders. The Florida election was closely scrutinized after Election Day. Cunningham estimated the number of Buchanan supporters in Palm Beach County to be between 400 and 500. Celebrations began in Democratic headquarters everywhere. By late November the Florida state canvassing board certified Bush the winner by 537 votes, but the election still was unresolved, as legal battles remained. What did the U.S. Supreme Court decide in, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bush-v-Gore, Cornell University Law School - Bush Versus Gore, Bush v. Gore - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), sample butterfly ballot from Florida, 2000. The longstanding case law in Florida [ ] has held that the intent of the voters as shown by their ballots should be given effect. "In a per curiam decision, the Court first ruled 72 (Justices Stevens and Ruth Bader Ginsburg dissenting), strictly on equal protection grounds, that the recount be stopped. Sauls also rejected Gore's contest of the election result on December 4, and Gore appealed that decision too. For the results of the previous election, see United States presidential election of 1996. Bush v. Gore has been regarded as one of the most politically consequential decisions in the history of the court, and one that damaged the court's preferred image of itself as an institution far removed from everyday partisan politics. Such explanations did little to lessen the sense of anger among black Democrats. At NPR, the advice from election-night guest Andrew Kohut, the director of the Pew Research Center, was to hold off on calling Florida. The final official Florida count gave the victory to Bush by 537 votes, making it by percentage not only the tightest race of the campaign (New Mexico was decided by 366 votes but has a much smaller population, representing a 0.061% margin), but also the closest in any United States presidential election ever. *One Gore elector from Washington, D.C., abstained from casting an electoral vote. [12] This statutory process primarily accommodated recounts for local elections. As the manual recounts continued, the battle to certify the results intensified. That decision was announced on live worldwide television by the Florida Supreme Court's spokesman Craig Waters, the Court's public information officer. According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed. In this constitutional system, the "will of the people" is an irrelevant abstraction. In its opinion, the Supreme Court cited several areas where the Florida Supreme Court had violated both the federal and Florida constitutions. 1 / 6. On December 12, the same day as the U.S. Supreme Court ruling, the Florida House approved awarding the state's electoral votes to Bush, but the matter was moot after the Court's ruling. "[7], The Florida election was closely scrutinized after Election Day. After calling the race, the networks began getting phone calls from Republicans. The results of the 2000 U.S. presidential election are provided in the table. A: There is currently no strong evidence that acetaminophen use during pregnancy causes autism or ADHD in children. After an intense recount process and the United States Supreme Court's decision in Bush v. Gore, Bush won Floridas electoral votes by a margin of only 537 votes out of almost six million cast (0.009%) and, as a result, became the president-elect. [15]. Florida statutes also required that all counties certify and report their returns, including any recounts, by 5:00p.m. on November 14. George W.. Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Bradford, Charlotte, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gulf, Hendry, Hernando, Holmes, Lake, Manatee, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 17 Optiscan counties not to "manually review overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Canvassing boards of Alachua, Bay, Charlotte, Citrus, Columbia, Escambia, Franklin, Gadsden, Holmes, Jackson, Lake, Leon, Manatee, Monroe, Okaloosa, Okeechobee, St. Johns, Suwanee and Washington Counties, Election day decisions by 19 Optiscan counties not to "manually review undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", Canvassing boards of Collier, DeSoto, Dixie, Duval, Glades, Hardee, Highlands, Hillsborough, Indian River, Jefferson, Lee, Madison, Marion, Miami-Dade, Nassau, Osceola, Pasco, Pinellas, Sarasota, Sumter and Wakulla Counties, Election day decisions by 21 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on undervotes that couldn't be read by counting machines", The above 21 boards plus Palm Beach County Canvassing Board, Election day decisions by 22 punch-card counties not to "attempt to determine voter intent on overvotes that couldn't be properly read by machine", Decision not to review dimpled ballots with clear indications of intent, Decision to change county's certified vote from the mechanical recount total back to the election night vote total, Decision not to include Palm Beach County's vote recount results (all but 53 precincts) submitted before certification deadline, Decision not to include Miami-Dade County's vote recount results (139 precincts) accomplished before certification deadline. Most of the excitement in the primaries came on the Republican side, as Bush faced a stiff challenge from John McCain, a U.S. senator from Arizona; other candidates included businessman Steve Forbes, diplomat and conservative commentator Alan Keyes, U.S. senator Orrin Hatch, and conservative activist Gary Bauer. Cox News Service, 11 Nov. 2001. Since then, we have seen several elections in which exit polling over-sampled voters with college and post-college educations possibly because these voters are more willing to complete an exit poll "ballot" as they leave their polling place. On November 11, it joined a group of Florida voters in suing in federal district court for a preemptive injunction to stop all manual recounting of votes in Florida. The Gore campaign sued to force Miami-Dade County to continue its recount, but the Florida Supreme Court refused to consider the request. The Republicans appealed that ruling to the U.S. Supreme Court, which voted 7-2 to end the Florida court's ordered recount. ^2 2 A problem that occurred in Florida during the 2000 election was very minute difference in votes that state statute necessitated a repeat. IF the results were "scattered", who would officially be president? Wednesday, November 8 dawned with some uncertainty as to who would be the next president. Nine other counties said that it was a possibility, while 49 counties said that they would not have counted reclaimable overvotes per the court's order. Although their conclusions were similar, the Miami Herald study and the later and larger study came up with different numbers, evidence of the uncertainties involved. On November 13 the Gore campaign and Volusia and Palm Beach Counties sued to have the deadlines extended.[13]. ", "Irish-American Republicans - Our Achievements", "Miami Mayor Denies Gore Urged Him to Publicly Support Recount", "Vote-swapping Web sites are legal, appeals court (finally) says", "Nader's Traders vs. State Regulators: Examining the Controversy over Internet Vote Swapping in the 2000 Presidential Election", "Florida Supreme Court Stays Certification of Florida Presidential Ballots; Counties Counting Overseas Absentee Ballots", "Text: Bush Campaign Adviser James A. Baker III", "Text: Gore Campaign Chairman William Daley", "The Butterfly Did It: The Aberrant Vote for Buchanan in Palm Beach County, Florida", "Buchanan camp: Bush claims are "nonsense", "THE 2000 ELECTIONS: THE PALM BEACH BALLOT; Florida Democrats Say Ballot's Design Hurt Gore", "PALM BEACH COUNTY CANVASSING BOARD v. HARRIS", "Palm Beach County Canvassing Board v. Harris", "SUPPLEMENTAL BRIEF OF THE PALM BEACH COUNTY CANVASSING BOARD, FOLLOWING REMAND FROM THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES", "The Lawyers' Role in Selecting the President: A Complete Legal History of the 2000 Election", "Did Illegal Overseas Absentee Ballots Decide the 2000 U.S. Presidential Election? "[5], This initiative occurred without sufficient protection of voting rights. George W. Bush (R) & Dick Cheney (R) v. Al Gore (D) & Joe Liberman (D) No candidate won a majority in the 2000 election. Floridas electoral votes enabled Bush to win the presidency. The U.S. Supreme Courts ruling in Bush v. Gore terminated the recount process in Florida in the U.S. presidential election of 2000. In a chorus that echoes those voices of 2000, Florida Republicans (and indeed the GOP generally) are expressing dismay at the recount of 2018. Nationally, Bush had won 246 electoral votes; Gore had won 260. . 7 terms. Tanner, Robert and Sharon L. Crenson. Bush's chief strategist, Karl Rove, phoned Fox News to insist that Florida was still in play. Cantal Asia? Instead, the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols. The Bush campaign subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, which took up the case Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board on December 1. Robert King/Getty Images The Gore campaign requested that disputed ballots in Miami-Dade, Broward, Palm Beach and Volusia Counties be counted by hand. Under the FAC, a ballot with any other name written in (including Bush and Gore, who were not qualified as write-in candidates) was not an overvote, but rather a valid vote for the candidate whose name was marked by the voter. The Bush campaign immediately petitioned the U.S. Supreme Court for a stay of the recount order, which was granted on December 9. The case of Palm Beach Canvassing Board v. Katherine Harris (also known as Harris I) was a lawsuit about whether county canvassing boards had authority to extend manual recounts in order to inspect ballots for which the machine counter did not register a vote. Whoever wins the most votes in the state is awarded all 25 electoral votes. 3.08 Module Exam (Government) Labor Archives of Washington, University of Washington Libraries Special Collections. Various flaws and improprieties in Florida's electoral processes were immediately apparent, while others were reported after later investigation. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Outstanding Directing for a Limited Series, Movie, or Dramatic Special, Best Supporting Actress Series, Miniseries or Television Film, 2016 United States presidential election recounts, United States House of Representatives elections in Florida, 2006#District 13. On December 9, 2000, four counties (Leon, Liberty, Madison, Manatee) completed recounts of undervotes ordered by the Florida Supreme Court, identifying a small number of new votes. CNN.com, 2001. Gore called Bush to concede the election, but in the early hours of the following morning it became apparent that the Florida race was much closer than Gores staff had originally believed. [81] Florida State University professor of public policy Lance deHaven-Smith observed that, even considering only undervotes, "under any of the five most reasonable interpretations of the Florida Supreme Court ruling, Gore does, in fact, more than make up the deficit". Positive sign indicates number of votes that decision caused to be included (or put back) in state certified total. We shall see how long it takes to resolve this time. Amount excludes 139 Miami-Dade precincts that were recounted. Gore, legal case, decided on December 12, 2000, in which the Supreme Court of the United States reversed an order by the Florida Supreme Court for a selective manual recount of that state's U.S. presidential election ballots. "[53], The ballot had been redesigned earlier that year by Theresa LePore (Supervisor of Elections and member of the Democratic Party). That could skew toward an unusual number of young voters, women voters and people of color. There were also contentions about the card-punch system that some counties used, which required voters to puncture a hole for the ticket they had supported, but that left some cards with hanging chads, or pieces of paper dangling from their ballots. "Study concludes accurate election recount virtually impossible." Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Another point of controversy in the 2000 election was the fact that George W. Bush's brother, Jeb Bush, was the governor of Florida at the time of the recount, although no evidence of wrongdoing surfaced. Consider the fact that babies who were crying in cribs while their parents agonized over Florida's protracted presidential recount in 2000 are now of voting age. It was ostensibly completed on November 10 in the 66 Florida counties that used vote-counting machines and reduced Bush's lead to 327 votes. According to factcheck.org, "Nobody can say for sure who might have won. [4][6] According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed.[7]. [19]:221234.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}. [23], Political commentator and author Jeff Greenfield observed that the Republican operatives in Florida talked and acted like combat platoon sergeants in what one called "switchblade time", the biggest political fight of the century. Most of the variation occurred in Votomatic overvotes, the least likely ballots to yield votes in a recount. Furthermore, the number of undervotes correlates with how well the punch-card machines are maintained, and not with factors such as race or socioeconomic status. The media consortium then analyzed the raw data produced by NORC and drew conclusions. Direct link to Edward (Eddie) W.'s post One big question that I h, Posted 2 years ago. How many electoral votes did George W. Bush win in the 2000 election? Under Florida election law, a machine recount of all votes cast was required because the margin of victory was less than 0.5 percent. The NORC study (see below) did not address either of the concerns about overseas absentee ballots and Nassau County's certification change, as their effects were already included in the baseline totals. "Under the two most likely scenarios, Bush Wins Florida." 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida, NORC-sponsored Florida Ballot Project recount, County-by-county standards for write-in overvotes in 2000. Harris announced that Bush had won Florida. County officials were unable to deliver as many as 2,200 problem ballots to the investigators that news organizations hired to conduct the recount. Bush, against Democrat Al Gore, former senator from Tennessee and vice president in the administration of. At an NAACP-sponsored hearing in Miami four days after the election, prospective voters told of police cars blocking the way to the polls, of voters harassed by election workers. The campaign Not from where I'm sitting and what I'm looking at." Gore won 11, including three that elected Republicans. The results of this tally were to be added to the November 26 tally. A larger consortium of news organizations, including USA Today, The Miami Herald, Knight Ridder, The Tampa Tribune, and five other newspapers next conducted a full recount of all machine-rejected ballots, including both undervotes and overvotes. The GOP effort in 2000 broadcasted massive talent within the party that likely helped Bush land a White House win. The Palm Beach Post put it more dramatically: He couldnt have caught George W. Bush even if his two best chances for an official recount had played out. Shouldn't the electoral college be scrapped then?