internal and external conflict in the kite runner internal and external conflict in the kite runner

Yet, as young children, it seems as though this difference is a mere annoyance rather than a serious blockade to their friendship. His father is a man who did not respect his values, and he wanted his son to be like him. When his wife, Soraya, tells about her secret of being with a man she wasn't married to, Amir thinks, ''I envied her. On the other side, his dad is a self-centered man who wants his son to be like him. The book begins in medias res, until a phone call prompts the book to start back in the years of his youth. Before the 15th century, monastic scholasticism had dominated European thinking. His lack of action caused severe guilt, which he tries to escape throughout the entire story. The person experiences psychological struggle, and they have to decide between matters that are both beneficial to the character or may both cause harm to the character. By mentioning how Amir feels he damaged Hassan, Hosseini draws parallels with the kite. Amirs fathers words echo in his mind as he recalls the experience, A boy who won't stand up for himself becomes a man who can't stand up to anything (Hosseini, 2003). Unbeknownst to each other, both characters have initiated a betrayal. His withered and hollow (120) appearance reveals his new understanding of his cruel part in Hassans rape because he now regretfully recognizes his own cowardice. They must regularly confront external (and internal) obstacles due to their race, gender, sexual orientation, class, religion, country of birth, and/or outlook. The majority of The Kite Runner is about the narrator and protagonist, Amir. Throughout the book, Zoe seeks redemption by going to a psychiatrist to help her get her mind at peace. (116), Similarly, Farid mutters the same phrase to Amir when he asks for a favor, causing tears [to gush] down [his] cheeks (305). What is the internal conflict in The Kite Runner? 20% 850-1000-word essay on The Kite Runner (Tentative due date: April 16) 30% 1000-1200-word essay on . You can get your custom paper by one of our expert writers. Amir describes Hassan as being the lamb ith the look of acceptance (76) as if his imminent demise is for a higher purpose (77). Amir feels his betrayal as guilt for what he allows to happen. And besides, one time at Ghargha Lake, Hassan and I were skimming stones and Hassan made his stone skip eight times. Although Amir builds up more guilt than Baba throughout the novel, he eventually succeeds in the road to redemption unlike his father. The unusual appearance of the story seems to present the Afghan background, culture, and ethnic tensions in the city of Kabul and the country on a . Khaled Hosseini's "The Kite Runner" explores many themes through which internal and external conflicts are portrayed. He chose to write the story in first person from a limited point of view. Because of this difference, characters from the two texts are more likely to show different traits and behaviors based on different internal and external conflicts they experience. External conflict refers to conflicts that occur between a character and forces from the outside. He had murdered his brother so that he would get the throne. By the end of the novel, Amir finally learns stands up and earns the redemption. Macbeth and Kite Runner both demonstrate that during the aftermath of a betraying deed, guilt will arise and will have a detrimental influence on ones behaviors if one fails to redeem. Amir has always believed, deep down, that his father favored Hassan, a Hazara, the dirt of Afghan society, over him, his own son. On the other side, an external conflict between him and his father help him to work hard and become a better person. During the story, there is a least two conflicts that pop out to me the most. During the celebration of his victory, Amir comments that he is getting sick as a result of overwhelming thoughts of Assefs cruelty. Novel turns around these two characters and Baba, Amirs father, by telling their tragic stories, guilt and redemption that are woven throughout the novel. When they reach there, Amir asks what Hassan would do if he threw pomegranate seeds at Hassan. When Amir already feels as if he doesn't measure, the last thing he wants is extra competition. By continuing well assume you board with our cookie policy. Instead, Amir focused on things that made him feel superior to Hassan, such as teasing him when he doesn't know a word. They have developed characters and explained their causes of action. The protagonist associates words, phrases, and images, such as the sky, with his shameful past and, although Amir seldom discusses he incident, his betrayal is always under the surface of his conscious reasoning. The protagonists guilt also manifests physically in the form of illness. While he feels strongly about the murder of his father and yearns to discover the killer, he harbors suspicions about the [], Critic Northrup Frye has evaluated Hamlet as a play without catharsis, a tragedy in which everything noble and heroic is smothered under ferocious revenge codes, treachery, spying and the consequences of weak actions by broken [], The play was written based upon a fable from the 14th or 15th century but was represented using an 18th-century atmosphere with no problem at all. The repetition of Amirs question emphasizes the wrenching pain that he feels, thus creating a mournful tone. By knowing the power they have, they will be in a position to control the conflicts they come across. When Amir betrays Hassan, he feels that he can't tell anyone because he is sure that he would be rejected. In the case of Amir, his actions have also been influenced by his father, Baba. The guilt eats him alive, so he feels the need to be punished by Hassan or just in general for his cowardice. Their sins and faults alter the lives of innocent people. In The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, the author presents the personality of Amir before. In the end of the novel, Amir receives many physical scars from getting beaten up by Assef, when rescuing Sohrab. The aim is to describe Amir's character and Amir's life, his mistakes against Hassan, and ambition to make up for all his mistakes with Hasan in the novel. Furthermore, while Hassan pursued the kite in Kabul, Amir assumes the role of the kite runner in America. A series of unfortunate events escalate a conflict prompting Amir with the need to resolve them. '', Amir struggles internally between the fear of rejection if anyone knew the truth and the desire to confess. Amir witnesses this struggle, but he does nothing; he runs away since he was just a Hazara, wasnt he? (Hosseini 77). Today, however, we're going to focus on the second type of struggle: external conflict. In some cases, these conflicts make people act fast towards something while in others they bring reluctance in the process of taking action when things come up. "The Kite Runner"- Internal conflict "The Kite Runner"- Protagonist and Antagonist "The Kite Runner"- Point Of View February (6) January (6) 2010 (83) . However, eventually Amir finds himself in a situation where a sense of family, redemption and belonging comes over him and is able to push his instinctual self preservation tendencies away and pay his respects to Hassan by defending and protecting his child. In the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, Rahim Khan kept a deep secret from Amir for many years. Conflict is another major topic that contributes to the theme in this novel. When issues arise, there are two main types of conflict: external and internal. As a bystander in the moment, Amir determines what is more important: saving the life of his friend or running away for the safety of himself. Rather than being the origin of fatherly respect Amir desires the kite becomes a concrete symbol of his cowardly decision. And that's why conflict in fiction can also be used to create powerful stories. . As a whole, while the movie is about the childhood of a young afghan boy, it also reveals the major political events that happen during the time and how these political events severely affect the lives of those in the movie. For example, Amir loves to read and write, but his father wishes he had an interest in something more masculine. External conflict is conflict that is caused by an outside force, whereas internal conflict is a . All Amir really wants is to be looked at, not seen, listened to, not heard (Hosseini 65), and while this conflict shapes the way that Amir grew up, readers are exposed to the. For Amir, the pain borne from his own guilt is incessant and memories of the event flood his mind nonconsensually, leaving him feeling empty (85).var cid='9687976154';var pid='ca-pub-3243264408777652';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-box-3-0';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.style.maxHeight=container.style.minHeight+'px';container.style.maxWidth=container.style.minWidth+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true});var cid='9687976154';var pid='ca-pub-3243264408777652';var slotId='div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-box-3-0_1';var ffid=2;var alS=2002%1000;var container=document.getElementById(slotId);var ins=document.createElement('ins');ins.id=slotId+'-asloaded';ins.className='adsbygoogle ezasloaded';ins.dataset.adClient=pid;ins.dataset.adChannel=cid;ins.style.display='block';ins.style.minWidth=container.attributes.ezaw.value+'px';ins.style.width='100%';ins.style.height=container.attributes.ezah.value+'px';container.style.maxHeight=container.style.minHeight+'px';container.style.maxWidth=container.style.minWidth+'px';container.appendChild(ins);(adsbygoogle=window.adsbygoogle||[]).push({});window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'stat_source_id',44);window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId,'adsensetype',1);var lo=new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent);lo.observe(document.getElementById(slotId+'-asloaded'),{attributes:true});.box-3-multi-104{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:50px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}, He remarks that his mind [drifts] with the kite (63) meaning that his thoughts lack order or predictability. There are multiple conflicts in The Kite Runner. Sometimes, an internal struggle precedes making a choice; other times, the only resolution is realizing that it's beyond your power to . Amir narrates, ''For a moment, I almost did tell him. In Khaled Hosseini's novel "The Kite Runner", Hosseini's novel explores the many emtotions of jealousy, betrayal, guilt and loyalty. . Hosseini expresses Amirs uncertain feelings toward Hassan which form the decisions he makes throughout the book. Naming your novel after Tolstoy's War and Peace is a bold move, but this book from a former major in the U.S. Army Medical Corps makes it work, as it takes a firsthand look at the harsh realities of Vietnam. As the main character, Amir experiences both internal and external conflict. Gradesfixer , The Kite Runner and Hamlet: Internal and External Conflict., The Kite Runner and Hamlet: Internal and External Conflict [Internet]. Over the years, people, not only in Afghanistan, but around the world create norms that define peoples roles in life, their future, and how they should be treated based on their gender and beliefs. Amirs fathers use of the words thousand and indecency trigger Amirs mind to return to that day six years ago. In the end, Amir decides to flee, resulting in Amir having to live with the guilt of leaving Hassan behind to be assaulted. In the end, I ran (Hosseini 77). Hassan also has emotional scars from being raped. Amir wonders, ''Did he ache for her, the way I ached for the mother I had never met? This flexibility with the time period is credited to the fact that Hamlet is [], Within the tightly plotted play, Hamlet, William Shakespeare devises a series of dark twists and turns for his protagonist to follow, satisfying the genre of Revenge- Tragedy, and in turn generating a harrowing story which [], We provide you with original essay samples, perfect formatting and styling. He uses overbearing masculine characters in the The Kite Runner and gender roles to express how men were given the right to act in such horrific ways towards women. Amir's desire to win the heart of his father eventually outweighs Amir's loyalty towards Hassan, which leads to even more problems. Hassan who works at Amirs home and also happens to be his best friend helps him out all the time. He is evil in the beginning of the story, but as he matures and grows up as an adult. Rather than being the origin of fatherly respect Amir desires the kite becomes a concrete symbol of his cowardly decision. Hassan sacrifices himself for Amirs benefit not only because he loves Amir but also because he acknowledges the unfairness of the life he was born into. Wished he'd let me be the favorite.'' Amirs internal conflict negatively impacts his characterization by characterizing him as fearful. Hassan does everything for Amir, most specifically, he runs his kites, and when the town bully wants to steal that kite, Hassan resists even in the face of unspeakable violence. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me (Hosseini, pg.68). The objective of this lesson is to -Help the students differentiate between internal and external conflcit -Help the students identify the different types of conflict within the play -Help the students articulate the necessity of conflict within the text . To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: Internal And External Struggles In The Kite Runner Essay, influence of inequality on personal and community morals, Essay on The Theme Of Love In The Kite Runner, Feeling Of Guilt In The Kite Runner Essay, Essay on How Does Amir Change In The Kite Runner, A Kite is a victim written by Leonard Cohen poetry, What Are Yossarians External Conflict Essay, Narrative Of Frederick Douglass Struggles Essay, Essay on Internal Conflict In Frankenstein, Internal Factors In The House On Mango Street Essay, Personal Narrative: Mastering Baguette Essay. As Amir grows older, he desires more attention from his father. It also covers the start of refugee movement in the United States and Pakistan. Dealt with. In the novel, the main character Amir battles many internal conflicts that stem from his jealousy and betrayal of his childhood friend and servant Hassan. It 's important in the beginning of the novel -- as the protagonist feels neglected by his father -- and it becomes important again at the end, in an interesting way (Singh par. In addition, parallel to his fathers appearance, Sohrab has slaughter sheeps eyes (285) when Assefs hands [slide] down his back. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below: By clicking Send, you agree to our Terms of service and Privacy statement. The book is the longest that Shakespeare has ever done and is referred to be one of the most influential works ever done. This final project is about internal conflict, and ambitions found in the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Different internal and external conflicts are likely to cause certain reactions in a person. Though scars will never go away and are a reminder of the past, not all scars are bad. Repositori Institusi | Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana: Home He uses Hassan as a scapegoat to win Baba, but upon accomplishing this task, he is riddled with guilt. Both Amir and the kite appear admirable and innocent but, when placed in difficult circumstances, have the capability to inflict great harm, both physically and emotionally. As time goes on, Amir requests Hassan to come with him to the hill. The inner turmoil Amir wrestles with after betraying Hassan drives the entire plot of The Kite Runner. Remember: This is just a sample from a fellow student. This kind of conflict has caused a lot of suffering in the characters from both scripts. 110 lessons As a child, Amir's search for . He stood by while his best friend was brutalized because he was too afraid to stand up for Hassan. It covers an area of 1.64 million square . Monasticisms emphasis on a black and white system of morality, [], Though the identity of the "editor" responsible for deleting Hamlet's final soliloquy from the 1623 Folio edition of Hamlet may be lost to history, the possible reasons for his omission of the Quarto's fifty-eight lines are as [], Literary techniques evoke images, emotion and in the case of Shakespeare's "Hamlet" teach a lesson. While they may experience a degree of freedom with the breezes of the wind, ultimately the Pashtuns and the line determine their fate. The conflict is resolved when Gatsby finally meets up with Daisy and they leave together. In that moment, he values his, One of the most noticeable conflicts that emerges in the early chapters seem to be almost mundane, but affects the overall characterization of both Amir and Baba. Amir spends more than 25 years trying to hide his shame. The Taliban regime is also discussed in this book. This way, their actions will not be negatively affected by internal and external conflicts. Amir's jealousy seeps into their play time too. Copyright 2023 IPL.org All rights reserved. Despite his cultures determination to prove Pashtun supremacy, Amir realizes that Hassans moral code symbolizes all that Amir is not: oyal, honest, and forgiving. Conflict can actually contribute to an individual's intellectual, moral, and emotional growth. It helped me pass my exam and the test questions are very similar to the practice quizzes on Study.com. By allowing Hassan's rape, Amir fails Hassan profoundly and fundamentally. In Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner, Amir, the protagonist, believes that he has done something to cause distance between himself and his father so he struggles to fix it. It tells the story of Amir, a boy from Kabul, Afghanistan, whose closest friend is Hassan, a young Hazara servant. One day, when he and Hassan are hanging out under a pomegranate tree nearby, Amir [hits] [Hassan] with [a] pomegranate, in the shoulder The juice from the pomegranate splattered [Amirs] face. Amir shouts: "Hit me back Hit me back, goddamn you!" He revealed that Hassan, Amirs servant and friend from when he was a child, was his half-brother from his fathers side. I highly recommend you use this site! Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia.It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmenistan to the north, by Afghanistan and Pakistan to the east, and by the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. Unfortunately, these problems are still active in most of Afghanistan. Kerry has been a teacher and an administrator for more than twenty years. . Many about adolescent decisions, his relationship with his baba, and his shia muslim servant, Hassan. A foil is a character who, through strong [], In William Shakespeare's "Hamlet," Queen Gertrude's culpability of King Hamlet's death has been the subject of much debate. In the literature perspective, the novel The Kite Runner delivers multiple thematic ideas that portray the struggles of characters in their ordinary lives. Let's fix your grades together! He recognizes that Assefs actions are based in cultural prejudice and now he must determine the xtent to which these same prejudices influence his own life and personal philosophy. The first conflict that makes it self-known as when Jacob must find out what happened to his grandpa. Most of the problems that befall characters in The Kite Runner and Hamlet are as a result of a conflict that exists between the internal and external factors facing the characters. Khaled Hosseini, author and physician, released his debut novel The Kite Runner in the year of 2003. the EU has faced a number of internal and external crises. The saddest part was that Amir was there watching from a distance and was unwilling to help his best friend due to his lack of courage and inability to stand up for himself. For instance when Baba defends a woman whom a soldier intends to rape, he announces that he would take a thousand of his bullets before [he] let this indecency take place. Amir is left dumbfounded, and realizes that his whole life has been a lie. Conflict is one of the most important elements of the plot. First, happen when Thomas wants to be a Runner, but the other Gladers forbid him. Since Hassan is a Hazara, he can't go to school, but he enjoys having Amir read books to him. When Khaled Hosseini wrote The Kite Runner, he made several important choices involving narration. However, this one is not within his control and leads to other struggles, such as jealousy towards his friend, Hassan. Amir has emotional scars because he feels that he killed his mother, and also because his father emotionally neglects him. Amir's internal conflict is caused by a clash of emotional feelings within himself caused by an unpleasant situation. The main character had to manage his fathers neglect while growing up. We all have regrets and always will, but though it will be a long hard process we can lessen them through redemption. Hosseini gives many examples of how political power such as the Taliban can bring out the evil in people but he also demonstrates how there is oppressive male power in relationships that also brings out the same human nature. This overthinking condition that fall over Amir displays the internal struggle with himself and his moral conscience, creating feelings of regret for not giving back to Hassans benign loyalty. Amir lets Hassan down in the worse way when Hassan is raped by Assef. In Karma, Sadhguru seeks to put you back in . Social conditions are what shape a country. It's like. If you fit this description, you can use our free essay samples to generate ideas, get inspired and figure out a title or outline for your paper. There is no monster, hes said, just water. In the story, Amir feels guilty for being a bystander of Hassans sexual assault. Another War, Another Peace. In addition the two characters departure from Afghanistan during the war is indicative of their denial to confront the consequences of their actions.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_7',106,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'studyboss_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_8',106,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-studyboss_com-medrectangle-4-0_1');.medrectangle-4-multi-106{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:7px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:7px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. He resists for Amir whom he loves with his whole heart. Amir is a young child, yearning for his fathers attention, his approval, his love. During The Kite Runner, Amir seeks to find redemption for the way he treated Hassan. Baba uses his wealth to cover up his sins but never atone himself while Amir decides to stand up and save Sohrab and finally finds peace. A boy who wont stand up for himself becomes a man who cant stand for anything.(Hosseini, Pg.22). For example, an external struggle exists between Amir and his father. Sure, you can have interpersonal or internal conflicts, but those stories, while personally compelling, dont necessarily have the same stakes or conflict level as the Federation vs the Ferengi. "Perspective was a luxury when your head was constantly buzzing with a swarm of demons." - Amir, chapter 25. Amir is conflicted between guilt and remorse throughout the book. Soon after, Amir nearly comes clean to Rahim Khan. It is up to the reader to make a connection to the subject being mentioned. Many of the main characters came face to face with this idea and each of them dealt with their mistakes in different ways. It's this which drives the story forward. In other words, it is impossible to entirely avoid an issue because an object or image will appear to remind Amir or Baba of their shameful past. He also needs to find out what his grandpa has been hiding. Many of Hosseinis characters and events parallel each other to demonstrate the idea of cycles of betrayal. However after the ghost instructed him to take revenge on his fathers death, he doubted its existence for some time. Internal conflict takes place within your character. Amir overhears Baba telling his business partner, Rahim Khan, ''something about Amir troubles me in a way that I can't express. External conflict drives the action of a plot forward. On the other side, Hamlet is a book written by Shakespeare at the start of the 17th century. However, while Amir knowingly abandoned his friend, Kamal sacrificed himself to avenge his mothers death. It can be a person and a group or between a character and the environment around them. This essay has been submitted by a student. Conflict and Plot. Spoken. Your time is important. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 88,000 Yet, despite these conflicts, many have fought stigmatization by cultivating . Ironically, the Hazaras tend to be characteristically kind and gentle, like Hassan or his father Ali. "The Kite Runner" is a novel by Khaled Hosseini, published in 2003. He did not want to get hurt, so he sacrificed Hassan in order to ensure his own safety. He can not bear the scrutiny so he humiliates hassan in public by not defending him or protecting him and he humiliates him when they 2 are alone by telling petty lies to him. Being that Hassan was loyal and wanted to keep his promise to Amir, he decided to pay the price which was rape. The relationship between a father and a son is how Hosseini writes to show the complex bond between father and son to demonstrate the necessity of a loving and caring fatherly figure. . . Don't use plagiarized sources. Everything that happens in the film basically revolves around Anna's agoraphobia. In the novel, Hosseini uses Amirs internal conflict highlights how unresolved guilt and fear can negatively impact ones life. The author puts a lot of moral ambitious character in the story the Kite Runner. Amir uses his friendship with Hassan for ulterior motives. Amir tells about a time when Baba offers to take both boys to Ghargha Lake: ''I lied and told him Hassan had the runs. They create tension, stakes, and character development in the two novels. Since the Soviets left in 1989, Afghanistan has experienced many internal conflicts over control of the country, leading to infighting and . During kite-fighting season, Amir and Baba find common ground. . In stories, as in life, there are two types of conflict: internal and external. Fighting kites demonstrate the internal and external struggles of Amir. This causes much internal conflict for Amir. Internal conflict occurs in the mind of an individual. (280) Unlike many Pashtuns of Kabul, Amir has a unique connection with a Hazara and witnessing the rape forces Amirs morals to evolve. Amir is a person who is very hesitant at taking actions; at one time he watches Hassan get raped and does nothing about. However, eventually Amir finds himself in a situation where a sense of family, redemption and belonging comes over him and is able to push his instinctual self preservation tendencies away and pay his respects to Hassan by defending and protecting his child. the 1950s as a means to prevent another catastrophic conflict on the European continent and foster democratic allies and strong . This novel is written in the first person narration of Amir, a Pashtun boy that lives with his father whom he addresses as Baba in a large estate in Kabul, Afghanistan. reflected through his internal conflict in the novel The Kite Runner. Get your custom essay. As the plot is the larger world, conflict is its critical part. The failure in Amirs human nature is caring only for himself which leaves Amir to abandon the right decision, standing up to Assef even if it means suffering the same faith as Hassan. When he looks to the sun, he sees Hassans brown corduroy pants discarded n the alley. Conflict is inevitable in life. A comparison of the different cases of internal and external conflicts shown in the two texts is discussed in this paper. But I didn't. Hosseini employs tragic irony to allow the reader to understand the consequences associated with sentiments of entitlement and superiority with regard to the kite. Where do you want us to send this sample? Now, I think this is an external and internal conflict, why? An allusion involves referencing or making a brief, indirect reference to a person, place, event, or thing that is outside the text. Furthermore, the author draws parallels between Amirs and Hassans families to demonstrate the influence of inequality on personal and community morals. To make matters worse, Amir feels that he must somehow discard Hassan, This circular structure of the story provides Amir an opportunity to redeem himself from the selfish and cruel ways he treats Hassan as a child. It is initially the event of disloyalty that sparks the remorse of the individuals who perform it. The story is about two Afghan boys -- Amir and his father's servant's son Hassan -- and their tumultuous friendship.