brownsville, texas ship scrapping brownsville, texas ship scrapping

BROWNSVILLE, Texas It now appears that South Texas will serve as a sort of burial ground for a once-mighty U.S. Navy ship. Home to three major ship recycling facilities, All Star Metals, International Shipbreaking Ltd./EMR, and SteelCoast, these companies capture over 85 percent of the U.S. Navy and MARAD ship . Hilco Redevelopment Partners, a unit of Hilco Global (Hilco), and MCM Marine Services, an affiliate of MCM Management Corp. (MCM), acquired the assets in U.S. Bankruptcy Court proceedings, presided . USS Saratoga (CV-60) under way in 1985. The Isherwood and Eckford were part of an 18-ship class known as the Henry J. Kaiser fleet of . Careers, Terms of Use | The landlocked city has become the hub of the U.S. ship-recycling industry. 81.169.130.14 Scrap Metal Recycling. And as the nation's reserve fleet of aging warships and tankers has become too old to use, those ships are increasingly being sold for scrap. "Like all the other older carriers, it's time for her to meet her demise.". But those squares are actually holes; the ship's been turned into Swiss cheese for ventilation and light. Saratoga returning from final deployment, 1994. At the time, Kitty Hawkwas the Navys forward-deployed ship in Japan, but deployed to the Persian Gulf to help at the start of the war in Iraq. Visit the EMR Local website . See the live map of ship positions in Brownsville, schedules for vessels arriving, a port call history, the list of ships currently in port, a company register and the local weather forecast. Environmental Compliance. . She will be recycled in a safe, respectful and environmentally responsible manner, he said. . Jan. 15, 2022: The Kitty Hawkdeparts Bremerton for a trip around South America and on to Texas. The first of the supercarriers, Forrestal was commissioned Sept. 29, 1955, and was in service for more than 38 years. "It's always about those who didn't come home.". The price for steel has decreased in recent months with the slowing of the world economy. 9:00 am - 12:00 pm and Thursday & Friday 9:00 am - 12:00 pm. Bulk Carrier. "If it's too hot then we provide fans.". Privacy & Security | It does not constitute professional advice. (National Archives photo), The USS Forrestal passes under the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge for Fleet Week in 1989. Nearly 1,000 welders scrap 80 percent of the ships recycled in the U.S. After a ship is dismantled, the metal is shipped to Mexico. Chris Green, International Shipbreaking senior manager, acknowledged that the Tripoli has significant sentimental meaning to the men and women who served our country and spent a part of their lives with her.. The Brownsville company won the contract for the workto scrap thewarshipalong with theformer carrier USS John F. Kennedyfor a fee of one cent. Thoughmany former sailors had hoped it would become the sixth aircraft carrier in the nation to become a museum, the Navy decided to scrap the ship. The USS Forrestal arrived in February, and is still being dismantled by a separate company, All Star Metals, an article by The Brownsville-Herald states. It's the large availability of ships to be recycled that drives the industry. Even ships that appear to be in good working condition are valuable as scrap metal. International Shipbreakers was paid $3 million by the Navy to scrap the ship because of the long transportation around the Horn of South America, a separate article by The Brownsville-Herald states. "So, if the scrap market is down but the ship is still very rich in nonferrous metals, the project can still be a lucrative one.". Brownsville, Texas. 1963: The "Battle Cat" conducts "experiments" to find out if theU2 high-altitude reconnaissance planes could land on a carrier. 1961: The USS Kitty Hawk is commissioned in1961atPhiladelphia Naval Shipyard. Notably in the mothball fleet is the USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) Kitty Hawk class supercarrier. Naval Sea Systems Command, a US Navy sub-organization, said it had agreed to sell the USS Kitty Hawk and the USS John F. Kennedy to International Shipbreaking Limited, which is based in Brownsville, Texas, USA Today reported. The ship was loaned tothe Army after decommissioning,and in 2006 was towedto Pearl Harbor for useas a launch platform inballistic missile tests. The Navy's last conventional super carriers arrived in Brownsville, Texas this week after taking one last towed sail before getting scrapped. The Navy veteran,a retired air traffic controller on the warship from 1984 to 1989, has kept a close eye out for any public sightings of it sincethe foggy January day it left Bremertonuntil it met thehazy horizons of Brownsville, Texas, on Tuesday. Screenshot of YouTube video from May 31, 2022 of the hull of Kitty Hawk arriving in the Port of Brownsville, Texas. BROWNSVILLE, Texas A contract to recycle an out-of-service U.S. Navy guided-missile cruiser has been awarded to International Shipbreaking Limited LLC., one of the world's largest green ship recycling companies, MarineLink reported on Sept. 29. The shipyard will also scrap the former USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67), similarly purchased for a penny. FX: (757) 873-1074, 1000 West 27th Street (National Archives photo), Two Douglas AD-5W fly over the USS Forrestal while operating in the Mediterranean Sea, April 25, 1960. Mallory Shelbourne is a reporter for USNI News. "It's unbelievable," he says. 415 E 151st St.,East Chicago, IN USA BROWNSVILLE, Texas - June 6, 2022 - When it comes to the ship recycling industry, the Port of Brownsville is among the most trusted in the nation. by | Jun 10, 2022 | boxer rescue uk | how to install drone propellers | Jun 10, 2022 | boxer rescue uk | how to install drone propellers The process of ship breaking, and ship recycling is a complex process that requires precision and technical prowess. The U.S. Navy decommissioned this ship, the first of the . This page was last edited on 5 January 2019, at 01:21. The aircraft carrier Kitty Hawk . Solications and contracts related to ship dismantling and recycling require adherance to EPA standards and take those laws into consideration when reviewing a vendor's offer in relation to their recycling facilities. On Memorial Day, Fulksgot a photo from an employee of Foss Maritime, the company towing the vessel, as it wasbathed in a Texas sunset. Large white air bags, supporting 250 tons of weight, are rolled underneath. A ship cutter helps dismantle a ship at the Bay Bridge Texas recycling yard. at Brownsville Yard. . Port of Brownsville (United States (USA)) - Real-time data for recent ship arrivals and departures, ships in port and scheduled vessel arrivals. In February 1991, the Tripoli was struck by an Iraqi mine, which tore a massive hole in the ships starboard bow. BREMERTON The USS Kitty Hawk, the nation's last oil-fired aircraft carrier, departed Bremerton on Saturday for a 16,000-mile journey around South America for its ultimate fate: scrapping at a Texas shipyard. James Melka, a former Kitty Hawk sailor who tried to turn the ship into a museum, said last year that he planned to watch the carrier leave Bremerton and arrive in Brownsville, Texas. The Navy elected to scrap the ship rather than repair it. Environmental & Industrial Hygiene Laboratory. Testimonials are not a guarantee, warranty or prediction of what your experience with us will be. Onlookers, many of them former sailors aboard the "Battle Cat," watched as tugs pulled the . Ship Recycling & Oil Drilling Rig Dismantling, Industrial Onsite Scrap Management Services, Electronic Privacy and Use Terms and Conditions, Electronic Privacy and Use Terms And Conditions, Adhere to federal workplace safety guidelines, Protect against dangerous work conditions. In August 2016, the U.S. Maritime Administration designated the Tripoli for scrapping. There are several actions that could trigger this block including submitting a certain word or phrase, a SQL command or malformed data. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. The USS Saratoga has arrived in Brownsville to be dismantled. This website is using a security service to protect itself from online attacks. Following one month of repairs, the Tripoli returned to the Persian Gulf to spearhead U.N. minesweeping operations. Former CarrierKitty Hawk Arrives in Brownsville for Scrapping, Member Services call 800-233-8764 or 410-268-6110, Ukraine Will Make No Deals To Cede Territory to End War With Russia, Says Ambassador. But if you're a ship cutter, this is your office, and your cutting torch, your music to work by. International Shipbreaking Limiteds 2021 purchase of Kitty Hawk dealt a final blow to some veterans desires to make the ship into a museum, similar to the five other aircraft carrier museums throughout the United States, USNI News previously reported. A spokesperson for International Shipbreaking Limited said the yard will begin actual structural dismantling in July and plans to finish the dismantling process in about 18 months. Terms of Use | Esco Marine, Inc. Business Category. This is not an assembly line job, and everyday you have to use your wits. Walk inside a ship that's being scrapped, and you'll find one of the nastiest places imaginable: filthy and rusty, with everything that's poisonous and salvageable torn out. May 31, 2022: The aircraft carrier arrives in Texas for its dismantling. The historic aircraft carrier arrived in Brownsville on Friday and will be dismantled. Brownsville, Texas 78521, Strong Link in Supply Chain: Port of Brownsville sees record cargo volumes in FY2022, Port of Brownsville Recognizes DIX Industries with 2022 Chairmans Award, A Legacy of Success: DIX Industries Celebrates 75th Anniversary at the Port, Port of Brownsville- Driving Growth and Economic Prosperity. On the horizon, the future of the ship recycling industry at the port is bright. For more info call 708-730-1400. . A shopper can get some good deals if they're open to a nautical theme. On the Rio Grande, Brownsville is a transit . Shipbreaking is only one of several main ship disposal alternatives, also including hulking, floating or drydock storage, donation or sale for reuse, deep-water sinking and making artificial reefs (for detailed info check Ship Recycling). We set the standard for excellence in the industry. We also said that the carriers will be sent to the Brownsville company Bay Bridge Texas. Scrap Metal Services is prideful in the fact that we are one of only three licensed & approved dismantlers and recyclers in the United States. Ostos Rd. Average relative humidity is 75.25%. ", A ship cutter helps dismantle a ship at the Bay Bridge Texas recycling yard. The USS Charles F. Adams (DDG 2), "The Charlie Deuce," will be dismantled and recycled by International Shipbreaking Ltd., part of EMR Metal Recycling, in Brownsville, Texas. The historic aircraft carrier arrived in Brownsville on Friday and will be dismantled. Address. Brush up against a bulkhead and you can kiss a white shirt goodbye. The former aircraft carrier USS Ranger is towed from Bremerton, Washington, on Thursday, March 5, 2015, on its final journey to a scrapyard in Brownsville, Texas. USS Bonhomme Richard being towed to scrapyard in Brownsville TexasPassing thru South Padre Island Texas jetties May 31 2021 Sixty cutters are employed here at Bay Bridge Texas, but even more will be hired soon. "The Hispanic workforce that I found here is excellent," Chambers says. The Tripoli completed three deployments to Vietnam during its career and was the first amphibious warship to carry a full squadron of AV-8 Harrier short-takeoff/vertical-landing ground-attack jets. A few months later, they come back into the U.S. as automobile frames, engines and parts to be assembled here. The shipyard will also scrap the former USSJohn F. Kennedy(CV-67), similarly purchased for a penny. The Forrestal-class ship was decommissioned on Sept. 30 1994 after 38 years of service and 22 deployments, including the Cuban Missle Crisis. Cloudflare Ray ID: 7a29f7904ade0a47 Brownsville, Texas, Scrapyard Photo Special - all Photos taken by Michael Martin - Point Loma (T-AGDS 2) Roark (FF 1053) Roark (FF 1053) England (CG 22) Fox (CG 33) Banner (T-AK 5008) Sacramento (AOE 1) Santa Lucia: Camden (AOE 2) Proteus (AS 19 / IX 518) Queen's Victory: Cape Clear: Jason (AR 8) Michelle Lopez for NPR At the ship's departure from Rhode Island, Darryl Fern, a member of the USS Saratoga Association, said he is disappointed the ship will be demolished, an article by the Navy states. Screenshot of YouTube video from May 31, 2021 of the hull of Bonhomme Richard arriving in the Port of Brownsville, Texas. The expected completion date is December 2023. The ship is now at International Shipbreaking Limited, which bought the supercarrier for a penny last year to dismantle and recycle. On a recent Friday morning, workers in the Esco Marine ship-breaking yard in Brownsville, Texas, were dismantling a 1944 U.S. Navy repair ship. The recycling process of the esteemed vessel includes safety and environmental assessment, cleaning/remediation, waste disposal, structural dismantling, demilitarization, and metal processing, separation, and sale. "This whole month has been a whirlwind of emotions," said Fulks, among the many thousands of sailors who served on the Kitty Hawk during its decades of service from 1961 to 2009. ENSCO 67 Jack-up oil rig. BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS BROWNSVILLE, Texas -- This dusty, dingy corner of South Texas is a near-perfect place to carry on a dirty job like ship scrapping. (U.S. Navy photo), The USS Forrestal operating March 12, 1956. Testimonials | Shipbreaking firms at Brownsville, Texas, break up old naval vessels with mostly cheap Mexican workforce. Tarawa Class Amphibious Assault Ship (General Purpose): Laid down, 13 August 1973, at Ingalls Shipbuilding Corp., Pascagoula, MS. Departed Bremerton for Texas (to go around South America) January 2022, arrived 31 May. But officials . The decommissioned aircraft carrier arrived in Brownsville on Friday where it will be dismantled for a penny by ESCO Marine. For the completion of the USS Kitty Hawk project, ISL has hired 30 new employees and will continue to add 30 more. Saratoga's demise comes after the Navy was unable to donate the ship to a museum, a press release from the Navy states. Feb. 2017 view near Brownsville TX, showing scrapping of ex-Saratoga CV-60, with the ex-USS Sanctuary AH-17 Hospital Ship immediately ahead. Our subsidiary, Scrap Metal Services Brownsville, formerly All Star Metals, is one of the few approved ship recyclers in the nation, and also handles the dismantling and recycling of oil drilling rigs and oil production platforms. Close. She is the last of the conventionally powered carriers built for the US Navy. 1984: The carrier collides with a surfacing Russiansubmarine in the Tsushima Strait, leaving the sub's propeller embedded in the carrier's hull. Every day here is different. ISL Vice President Bob Berry said the 18-month long project will result in an estimated 97 percent of materials recycled from the 61,351 gross ton vessel. It was the last time a Japan-based carrier would do so until 2021 when USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76) deployed to the Middle East. The Navy has previously paid ISL for its towing and ship-breaking services, which oftentimes can be costly. hide caption. (U.S. Navy photo), Island of the USS Forrestal, circa 1989. Hundreds of people stood along the shoreline of South Padre Island on May 31, 2022, to behold the arrival of the USS Kitty Hawk, the sixth US Navy Aircraft Carrier to arrive at the port for recycling. The benefits of ship recycling make a significant environmental impact as fewer resources are required to manufacture products from metal scrap as compared to metal ore. Additionally, recycling steel scrap from end-of-life ships reduces air and water pollution and water consumption. After passing through the guard gate stay to the right and follow R.L. USS Saratoga (CV-60) being scrapped. Info & Links | The landlocked city has become the hub of the U.S. ship-recycling industry. A spokesperson for International Shipbreaking Limited said the yard will begin actual structural dismantling in July and plans to finish the dismantling process in about 18 months. This fall, the U.S. Navy will contract . 2023 www.kitsapsun.com. This category has the following 102 subcategories, out of 102 total. In December 1992, the ship was sent to Somalia to wrest control of the city of Mogadishu from Somali warlords in OperationRestore Hope, the Tripolis Marines going ashore in a night landing to secure the citys airports and seaports. 2003: The carrier and its crew are a part ofOperation Iraqi Freedom. After nearly a year of preparation, crews removed . (U.S. navy photo), NEWPORT, R.I. (June 15, 2010) The decommissioned aircraft carrier Ex-USS Forrestal (CV 59) departs Naval Station Newport for a three-day cruise to Philadelphia. About Brownsville. PH: (757) 873-0933 A previous photo caption incorrectly located machinery at the Bay Bridge Texas yard; it was actually International Shipbreaking Ltd. And the audio version incorrectly refers to welders instead of cutters. (U.S. The process of ship breaking, and ship recycling is a complex process that requires precision and technical prowess. "The contract values reflect that the contracted company will benefit from the subsequent sale of scrap steel, iron, and non-ferrous metal ores," Alan Baribeau, a spokesman for the Naval Sea Systems Command, previously told the Kitsap Sun. Bay Bridge Texas is the nation's newest ship-recycling yard, says senior Vice President Barry Chambers. "It's attitude more than anything. The vessel, which was commissioned in 1956, was being towed to a ship breaking company in the Port of Brownsville. The ship was deployed in late 1990 to the Persian Gulf in response to Iraqi dictator Saddam Husseins invasion of Kuwait. The ship was towed later that year from the MARAD reserve fleet in Beaumont, Texas to the ESCO Marine, Inc. ship-scrapping yard in Brownsville, Texas where crews removed all toxic materials, used blow torches to create large openings in the hull and prepared to tow her to the reef site. "We've even tried welding the steel in there. The former aircraft carrier arrived in Brownsville, Texas, Tuesday, where the ship will be cut up for scrap. The super carrier took part in conflicts ranging from the Vietnam War to Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. 1972: A race riot aboard theship ended with almost 60 injured men and "initiated reforms in the Navy culture.". . Find your local EMR Metal Recycling scrap yard and start selling your waste metal to us today. hide caption. Must pass a cutting test. hide caption. The USS Ticonderoga (CG 47), decommissioned in 2004, concluded its final voyage last . 1998: The warship pulls intoYokosuka, Japan, to serve as the forward-deployed carrier in the 7th Fleet. The 60-year-old vessel arrived in Brownsville, Texas, Tuesday Afternoon . The former USS Kitty Hawk arrived at a scrapyard in Brownsville, Texas, this week. Service: 40 Years of Service. The vessel was decommissioned and struck from the naval register in 1995 after nearly 30 years in service. He can be reached at 360-792-9227, josh.farley@kitsapsun.com or on Twitter at@joshfarley. The Tripoli was one of seven Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ships, the first vessels of their type designed as helicopter carriers. "I'm sure there area lot of tears being shed today.". Hilco and MCM acquired the assets from the previous ship recycling and scrapping operation which were sold following a chapter 11 bankruptcy proceeding filed in late . Michelle Lopez for NPR Along the way you will see our native Atlantic bottle-nose dolphins and migratory birds. A previous Web version of this story incorrectly said that the USS Independence is one of the carriers to be scrapped. This fall, the U.S. Navy will contract three Cold War-era aircraft carriers the USS Forrestal, the USS Saratoga and the USS Constellation for scrapping. BROWNSVILLE, Texas For the past 50 years, as Rio Grande Valley residents traveled to Port Isabel and South Padre Island, they could look to one side and see a U.S. Navy aircraft carrier or a . Ship-breaking (also known as ship recycling, ship demolition, ship dismantling, or ship cracking) is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships for either a source of parts, which can be sold for re-use, or for the extraction of raw materials, chiefly scrap.Modern ships have a lifespan of 25 to 30 years before corrosion, metal fatigue and a lack of parts render them . USS Saratoga docked at Diego Garcia, the first aircraft carrier to do so. Brownsville, Texas USA--ship . LPH stands for Landing Platform Helicopter. The first ship of the class, the Iwo Jima (LPH 2), was scrapped in 1996 in Brownsville. The pilings, made of steel cores, sink 60 feet deep. Ship breaking yard Country City Province Founded Plots L (km) ref Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard: Bangladesh: Chittagong: Chittagong: 1960 18 . Sergio Cazeres, who's been cutting ships since 1992, says the first cuts are made in the side of the ship. The ship, nicknamed "Connie" by its crew, is part of the Navy's five-year scrapping plan that also sent the USS Forrestal and the USS Saratoga to Brownsville for dismantling. ESCO Marine, who recycles governmental ships, plans to resell pieces of the ship "to accommodate the level of interest in Saratoga and her history," its website states. He pays between $10 and $13 an hour for the recycling work. Onlookers, many of them former sailors aboard the "Battle Cat," watched as tugs pulled the rugged warship into Sinclair Inlet on a foggy 1992: Kitty Hawk supports Operation Restore Hope off Somalia. Ship Breaking; Malcolm, AL. The Brownsville site is the first shipbreaking site in the United States to achieve this . Sitemap | The price cut for this sale reflects the fact the Brownsville, Texas-based company will make a profit from the scrap iron, steel, and non-ferrous metal ore collected from the aircraft carriers. (U.S. Navy photo), The USS Forrestal operating in the Mediterranean Sea in 1959. Ships by scrapping place. Performance & security by Cloudflare. for 3 miles until you see . Ship, Barge and Oil Rig Recycling All Star Metals, LLC (ASM) a subsidiary of Scrap Metal Services (SMS) located in Brownsville, Texas has been operating as a licensed ship recycling, metal processing, and environmental remediation contractor since 2003. Scrapping the Supercarrier; . From his home in Indiana, James Fulks has watched the journey of the USS Kitty Hawk as it spanned the hemisphere on its way to the scrapyard. All rights reserved. under tow to the SteelCoast Co. in Brownsville, TX. BROWNSVILLE, Texas June 6, 2022 When it comes to the ship recycling industry, the Port of Brownsville is among the most trusted in the nation. (U.S. Navy photo), The USS Forrestal at anchor in Crete, June 1978. The Port of Brownsville Tour is a 4-hour narrated cruise from South Padre Island across the Laguna Madre Bay and traveling down the Brownsville Ship Channel. (U.S. Navy photo). In a nation hungry for working-class jobs, ship recycling is helping to drive Brownsville's economy even at these relatively low wages. 16200 Joe Garza Sr. Road. Apply at 101 Boxcar Rd, Brownsville, TX . Port of Brownsville As the steel is harvested, the bow lightens, and powerful winches begin to pull the ship out of the water and up a ramp. *Brownsville Navigation District adopted a tax rate that will raise more taxes for maintenance and operations than last years tax rate. Terms of Use | Often called "supercarriers" owing to their massive size, the ships contain nearly 60,000 tons of steel and other metal each. The supercarrier took part in conflicts ranging from the Vietnam War to Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. The final journey into the EMR's International Shipbreaking yard in Brownsville, Texas, after transiting the Strait of Magellan, is expected to be completed . Click to reveal SteelCoast will then work to process and resell the scrap to be used in various other manufacturing industries. Our team is comprised of highly skilled and experienced industry professionals. Rebecca Salinas is a digital producer at the San Antonio Express-News. Among the many Navy ships International Shipbreaking has dismantled are the aircraft carriers USS Constellation and USS Ranger. The first-in-class guided-missile cruiser USS Ticonderoga recently arrived in the Port of Brownsville in Texas where it will be scrapped. The company, backed by Indian investors with deep pockets, just moved to Brownsville from Chesapeake, Va. It was the last time a Japan-based carrier would do so until 2021, when USS Ronald Reagan (CVN-76) deployed to the Middle East. Two years later, the ship was back in the Persian Gulf as an initial U.S. show of force in response to Iraqagain massing troops along the Kuwaiti border. USS Saratoga lands in Brownsville for scrapping. Tug Pushing an Old Ship. Shipbreaking. The Charlie Deuce is the Navy's first guided-missile destroyer and has an impressive service history, according to International Shipbreaking, most notably serving . The Navys last conventional super carriers arrived in Brownsville, Texas this week after taking one last towed sail before getting scrapped. Towing vessel---17 x 8: Feb 11, 10:39: PORT FUKUOKA. The contract for the scrapping of the Kitty Hawk was awarded for 1 cent. The USS Midway, an aircraft carrierthat served from 1945 to 1992, was the last aircraft carrier the Navy turned into a museum. The city has an average temperature of 74 degrees and an average rainfall of 25.55 inches. SteelCoast will also dismantle decommissioned, idled or . Kitty Hawk left Bremerton, Wash., on Jan. 15 to make its last sail to Brownsville ahead of the dismantlement, Kitsap Sun reported at the time. ***** Openings To Start next Monday! After being accepted for processing in January this year, a 158 meter chemical tanker, the MT Wolverine has become the first EU-flagged ship to be recycled in the U.S. in accordance with the EU Ship Recycling Regulation. She was officially decommissioned in 2007 and was then berthed in Philadelphia and kept in reserve. Along the Texas border The Texas border town of Brownsville, convenient to Mexican steel mills and Mexican labor, is the nation's shipbreaking center. Sold for scrapping Oct. 2021 to International Shipbreakers Ltd. Brownsville TX. One of the last conventionally-powered carriers, the former Kitty Hawk was commissioned in 1961 and decommissioned in 2009. U.S. Navy (2015) 'Top Gun . VIRGINIA (Scrap Monster): United States' two Navy ships built at a cost of $300 million are now moving to Texas scrap yard for recycling without even gone for a single mission. One problem facing efforts to make the ship a museum was finding a city to house the super carrier that did not already have an aircraft carrier museum, Ryan Szimanski, the executive director of the Historic Naval Ships Association, told USNI News at the time. Parts of the flight deck and hull will be refabricated into plaques and medallions with vessel specification and history engravings.