My name is Robert Brantley and I have been obsessed with precision rifle since 2007. VAT (where applicable), shipping costs and possible delivery charges. As a result, the .224 Valkyrie feeds comfortably from AR magazines with long-range bullets that must be single-fed into .223/5.56 AR-15 rifles. 30 thou in is going to raise pressure, maybe a lot. models. Sponsored by many of the hunting industries leading manufacturers, he has conducted over a thousand hunting and fishing seminars across the United States and has hunted and fished extensively around the world. Non-Lethal Personal & Home Defense with Byrna, Range Tested: EAA Girsan Pistols & Shotguns, New for 2023: Christensen Arms Modern Hunting Rifle (MHR), New for 2023: All-American RIA 5.0 Sporting Pistol, New for 2023: FN Rush 9Ti Pistol Suppressor, New Big Bore Pistols for 2023: FN 510 Tactical and FN 545 Tactical, New for 2023: FN SCAR 15P Rifle Caliber Pistol, First Look: Taurus Raging Hunter 460 Magnum Revolver With 10.5-Inch Barrel, New-for-2023 Taurus Judge Executive Grade 410/.45 Colt Revolver, Smith & Wesson Equalizer and the Brand New M&P 5.7 Pistol. Subscriber Services. Rem and 224 Valkyrie loads. Using bullets from Sierra BlitzKing, Nosler Boat Tail, Swift Scirocco, Sierra Tipped MatchKing, Hornady ELD-Match, Sierra HPBT, Federal Fusion. For us, excellence is not negotiable. Believe me, you dont want your bolt slamming home on a too-long case and camming halfway into battery before sticking fast. In addition, she is also an outdoor writer and photographer, as well as a national seminar speaker. We know who we are and being true to yourself allows you to become the best at what you do. 300 Winchester Short Magnum (WSM) 300 Holland & Holland (H&H) Magnum. After graduating college, Ryan moved to Tulsa, OK to take a position as a plastics engineer and in 2011 began shooting 3-Gun competitively. Not something you want to experience. Our products lead the pack, because theyre built with equal parts ingenuity and integrity, passion and precision, consistency and confidence. Chris Johnson, FN Senior Product Manager, walks us through two new FN striker-fired pistols at SHOT Show 2023: the FN 510 Tactical, chambered in 10mm Auto, and the FN 545 Tactical, chambered in .45 ACP. Shooting at higher-than usual altitudes also increases the .224 Valkyries capability. Don't see a load you want to use or want to input your own? The new 9mm suppressor can mount easily to any pistol barrel threaded x28 inches and doesn't compromise on sound suppression, gas blowback or recoil. I use both Federal 205 Gold Medal and CCI BR-4 primers with great results. My handloads fared well in the accuracy department. Do Pistols Benefit From Popular Aftermarket Modifications? Basic Load Data Hornady Manufacturing Company develops and publishes reloading data for the Handbook of Cartridge Reloading. This spherical propellant yields top velocities in many cartridges such as the 204 Ruger, 223 Remington/5.56mm NATO, 22-250 Remington and the 308 Winchester/7.62mm NATO, plus many, many more. Nevertheless, four bullets had to be seated considerably deeper to avoid sticking a bullet in the barrel throat: the Barnes 70-grain TSX BT, Hornady 70-grain GMX, Speer 70-grain JSP, and Swift 75-grain Scirocco II. The Nosler 60-grain Partition liked 24.5 grains of Benchmark for 3,078 fps and a 0.71-inch group average. DAI METER: 0.224" * 88 E. LgDr . The Judge has been promoted! Here is some data for the 60 Nosler BT, and the Sierra 90 SMK _____ Worrying is like a rocking chair. 300 Winchester Magnum. You find 4 loads in caliber .224 Valkyrie with Speer bullets either below or in our load database by clicking the 'Matching Loads' button above. ABOUT WYATT: Wyatt is 14 years old and has also hunted Africa, Hawaii and other states as well. A charge of 25.5 grains of Shooters World Match Rifle clustered .76-inch at 3,110 fps. Shooting heavier bullets, in an AR-platform rifle, that maintain supersonic speeds beyond 1,300 yards has captured the interest of shooters and handloaders everywhere, says Ron Reiber, Hodgdon product manager and ballistician. A Luth-AR buttstock with adjustable LOP and comb height and 15-inch M-Lok forend were added. cells marked in yellow are not dangerous but indicate possible (but not necessary) suboptimal characteristics such as extensive muzzle flash or inaccurate loads. Toggle navigation Powder Through. Federal brought us this cartridge, necking the 6.8 Remington SPC case to .224 caliber and sharpening shoulders to a seemingly-ideal 30-degree angle. Unlike many bullet companies, Sierra tests, calculates and provides real-world BC numbers in a series of steps as velocity decreases. He is also a noted TV personality, regularly appearing on TV programs Shooting USA. Eric Poole and Tom Beckstrand test the Aimpoint Acro P-2 against one of red dot sights' biggest myths: distance. Ive seen shooters pounding on their charging handles in an attempt to eject stuck reloads. Noslers 62-grain Varmegeddon is an explosive, flat-base varmint bullet with a .251 BC. He took his first turkey and mule deer at age 6 and his first bull elk at age 9. Here is what Ive found works with best in my reloads. The best group with this bullet was created by 26 grains of Vihtavuori N-540, measuring .74-inch at 2,882 fps. The new 9mm suppressor can mount easily to any pistol barrel threaded x28 inches and doesn't compromise on sound suppression, gas blowback or recoil. If predators are your primary focus, I really like Noslers 50-grain Ballistic Tip. Loaded Valkyrie cartridges easily meet, or come in under the 2.26-inch overall loaded length (OAL) threshold dictated by AR-15 detachable magazines, while also delivering more energy at much greater distances. Ruger's multi-role small frame autoloading rifle - Sear - combines AR-10 power with AR-15 Portability. Varget and H-4350 are the go to but since Ive been running some IMR Enduron powders that seem to work very good as well. Alternately, you can purchase 50-count bags of new, unprimed cases from Federal. The new rifle is built on an aluminum billet chassis with carbon-fiber forend and cheek riser featuring V-block bedding. Super Short Magnum. Walker loves waterfowl hunting with his black lab Pow. Varget hits the sweet spot for the best performance in this cartridge.. I tested more loads with CFE 223 than any other powder, and the average of those 16 groups was 0.79 inch. The four hunting bullets I tested were fast enough and accurate enough to justify their use on smaller big game; just remember to seat them short, as previously noted. When Wyatts not hunting or fishing he loves competing in rodeos and roping off of his horse, General. Any thoughts? While new load data will continue to be updated, there is currently data for 80 different loads with bullet weights ranging from 50 to 90 grains from Federal, Hornady, Nosler, Sierra and . We include muzzle velocity, energy and bullet drop for the most popular 224 Valk loads available on the U.S. market. All of them are asking their parents for shotshell presses now. In her free time, she shoots in NRL22 club matches around the Kansas City area, where she lives with her husband Shane and where she works as a pharmacist. The Barnes TSX BT shot fine with either H414 or CFE 223, with the latter powder giving over 3,000 fps. At Hodgdon, weve been researching this cartridge since before its introduction and are excited to release load data for the Valkyrie featuring powders like Hodgdon CFE 223, IMR 8208 XBRand Hodgdon Varget. **Max: 22.4gr85.9%4892189%2799100%2697100%Accurate 2230. In essence, the extractor heaves back on the case rim whilst the case walls are still firmly gripping the chamber walls. Rifle Reloading Data Handgun Reloading Data Precision is making and looks forward to the future of creating the best professional custom rifles on the market. For the best experience on our site, be sure to turn on Javascript in your browser. Please enter your login details below. I simply selected the 90-grain MatchKing from the calculators library, which automatically plugs in Sierras variable, velocity-based ballistic coefficient (BC numbers). Yes, this adds expense, but it greatly reduces your case-prep time. This minimizes extreme spread and standard deviation, benefitting long-range accuracy. Eric Poole and Tom Beckstrand test the Aimpoint Acro P-2 against one of red dot sights' biggest myths: distance. The 1:7-inch twist is a more versatile rate and enables the Valkyrie to shoot medium-light bullets well. Like many cartridges, .224 Valkyrie started as an attempt to make the AR-15 a more versatile and longer range platform. However, the .224 Valkyrie is also possessed with some demons, and these demons do apply to handloading, so lets take a look. The other data are from loads developed in rifles that I own. Select A Caliber or Gauge Below To View Recipes. Share your experiences with other customers. Thanks for the other responses. . I really enjoy the community as well as the sport. 224 Valkyrie load data [Re: yoteblaster] erikc838 Die Hard Member II Registered: 05/04/13 Posts: 1401 Loc: Las Cruces, NM 8208 and RL17 _____ Erik Top #3153202 - . After serving his country, George spent 20 years serving his community as a police officer. Share your experiences with other customers. Because of this demand we have seen the introduction of a variety of cartridges like the 6.8 SPC, 22 Nosler, .224 Valkyrie, .30 Remington AR, and the .300 HAMR. For us, excellence is not negotiable. Ryan earned a Bachelors of Science in Chemistry and Plastics Engineering as well as a Masters of Science in Engineering Technologies. Nosler bullets are'nt cheap and to get maximum performance I want maximum information. Never assume load data. A couple months later, Zach shot USAYESS competition in Grand Island. So that leaves the decision on hunting with a .22 up to the individual hunter, depending on the size of the quarry and the bullet chosen. The cartridge case is arguably the best .224-caliber, AR-compatible design ever engineered. The barrel used in testing was 24-inches in length with a SAAMI spec chamber. Jeff Bradley shows off the Modern Hunting Rifle (MHR) from Christensen Arms at SHOT Show 2023. The Valkyrie is designed for cutting-edge precision and ballistic performance, and personally I see no use in crippling it with cheap bullets. Prime with small rifle caps of your choice. Thats important for high-volume shooting. As with all cartridges, velocity and performance is reduced when using shorter barrels. Joe Kurtenbach and Caleb Giddings also look at the first-ever optics-ready carry revolvers with the new Taurus 605 and 856 T.O.R.O. Zach started attending national shoots in 2018, including Junior Worlds, Junior Olympics Nationals, and USAYESS Nationals. For us, thats building the most innovative, most accurateand most effectivebullets and ammunition in the industry. He also placed second in the World Elk Calling competition. AR-15 enthusiasts saw it as a way to extend their long-range capabilities while long-range precision shooters recognized it as a way to achieve maximum range with minimum recoil. It offers certain advantages unparalleled by any other AR-15 compatible round. Ruger's multi-role small frame autoloading rifle - Sear - combines AR-10 power with AR-15 Portability. For a semiauto .224 Valkyrie, however, several extra steps are called for. Pretty good info on the 224 Valkyrie Apr 6, 2019 #9 D Dwh7271 Handloader Nov 18, 2013 2,461 1 I really like the cartridge. I used both for the preparation of my loads, and Federal and CCI primers were used throughout. And it runs comfortably through a standard AR-15 action. Revic Optics BR4 Ballistic Rangefinder: Review, 5 Best Red-Dot Optics for SIG Sauer P365X & XL Pistols, Wilson Combat SFX9 5-Inch Solid Frame 9mm Pistol: First Look, .224 Valkyrie Small Precision Rifle Cartridge: Everything You Need to Know, Mossberg 940 Pro Tactical Optic-Ready Autoloading Shotgun: First Look. Well never sacrifice quality for cost. "Shooting heavier bullets, in an AR-platform rifle, that maintain supersonic speeds beyond 1,300 yards has captured the interest of shooters and handloaders everywhere. Sign up with your email address to receive news and updates. /wp-content/uploads/2016/08/HODGDON_LOGO_DARK.png. Obviously this isnt usually a manipulatable option like barrel length is, but if you live high, even a shorter-barreled rifle has a lot of reach. Considering the eyebrow-raising advertised factory ballistic figures, who can blame them? He play trumpet in the Junior High Band and I am an honor roll student at St. Pats. Subscribe to the free newsletter and do not miss any news or promotions. Brian spent three years in Spokane as a Zag until his baseball career was cut short by a tragic plane accident that took the lives of his parents and younger sister. You wont settle, and neither will we. Below you'll find some basic data for each cartridge to help get you started. That way, you can opt for long-range projectiles that stabilize perfectly and provide long-distance-appropriate accuracy in your rifle. INDICATES MAXIMUM LOAD USE WITH CAUTION Ri e Data 224Vea lki yr 30 . Dies were from RCBS, and the proper RCBS shellholder is No. The .22 Nosler uses a 1:8 twist rate in its barrels, restricting bullet weight to 85 grains or less. A precision rifle enthusiast and owner of GA Precision, George likely needs little introduction. We are engineers, reloading enthusiasts and operate one of the most powerful ballistics calculators. She remains the only female to take home overall wins in national level precision rifle competitions when she won the 2016 NorCal Tactical Bolt Rifle Challenge and 2018 K&M Kahles Precision Rifle Competition. 22.5 gr. Alliant Powders has just released load data for the .224 Valkyrie developed with the 60-grain Nosler Ballistic Tip bullet and the 90-grain Sierra MatchKing bullet and four of their powders. . So far I have been reloading the 175 Gr Hornady ELD-X, 180 Gr Hornady ELD-M and 180 Gr Berger VLD Hunting bullets. He has over 35 years experience in shooting, with approximately 50 tons of projectiles downrange with the assistance of Hodgdon Powder. I'll swing by the store soon and check a Nosler manual for load data. models. Most critically, case length (base to mouth) is short enough to allow loading super-sleek, high-BC bullets with long, fine-entry ogives. Note that a 1:6.5 rifling twist may be necessary to stabilize some longer 90-grain bullets, particularly at elevations closer to sea level. No reviews found. If I were going to war with prairie dogs, Id rely on the Nosler 55-grain Ballistic Tip over 26.3 grains of IMR 8208 XBR. She recently took on the role of Southwest Regional Director for the Precision Rifle Series. The SCAR 15P is chambered for 5.56 NATO and, with its 7.5-inch barrel, is the most compact SCAR to date. If you do, be sure your case mouths are squarely trimmed to identical length, otherwise crimps will vary in how securely they grip the bullet and can affect accuracy. The .224 valkyrie should be a better choice with heavier bullets since it is shorter and will allow longer OAL with the longer bullets. Reviews can only be submitted while being logged in. . 30-06 Springfield. A large portion of the Valkyries mass appeal is in fast rifling twist rates in the neighborhood of 1:7, allowing the use of heavy-for-caliber bullets, though standard 55-grain bullets are certainly compatible. A licensed Montana Professional Outfitter and Guide freelance writer, his articles and photographs have been featured in magazines including Outdoor Life, American Hunter, American Rifleman, Field and Stream. Meet the all-new Taurus Judge Executive Grade, a revolver featuring a hand-polished satin finish, presentation-grade wood grips, a brass rod front sight and an exceptional hand-tuned trigger. Meet the all-new Taurus Judge Executive Grade, a revolver featuring a hand-polished satin finish, presentation-grade wood grips, a brass rod front sight and an exceptional hand-tuned trigger. Our products lead the pack, because theyre built with equal parts ingenuity and integrity, passion and precision, consistency and confidence. This year my NRL Hunter has been with H-1000 and its incredible! 300 Savage. rifle.204. Phillip is a 10-year Marine Corps veteran having served his whole career in the Scout Sniper community. And since Federal Premium has 6.8 SPC military contracts running into the millions of rounds with countries like Saudi Arabia and Jordan, parent cases are ultra-abundant, making the Valkyrie a more affordable shooting option than other souped-up AR rounds. Hornadys new 88-grain ELD Match bullet has a BC of .545 and is loaded in the companys 224 Valkyrie ammo. 300 Ruger Compact Magnum. I shot a lot of Sta-Ball 6.5 and it worked well beyond expectations. A resource for shooters with 224 Valkyrie ballistics data. Ben Voss FN Product Manager talks about the new FN SCAR 15P ultra-compact rifle-caliber pistol at SHOT Show 2023. Trimming prevents the case mouth from growing too long and jamming against the step in the front of the chamber. We are currently populating the cartridge drop-down menu with updated cartridge renderings, new propellants and bullets, and links to complimentary product pages. This bullet didnt produce the smallest groups in this test, but a handful of loads were certainly accurate enough to snipe varmints out to 300-350 yards (Federal factory loads with Nosler 60-grain Ballistic Tips produced tighter groups, a bullet with a higher BC). If loading for a bolt action, simply clean cases, confirm overall length is within spec, and proceed to resize and load. This means you have the option to read your magazine on most popular phones and tablets. In fact, Jake has compiled more wins than any other Shooter in the United States at national level Precision Rifle Series and National Rifle League events during that span. You have to admit, the cartridge has some real strengths. After taking up competitive shooting in 2016, she, won the Precision Rifle Series Production division in 2017 with her Savage Stealth. Here you will find load data for some of the most recent cartridges on the market, with more being added frequently. All powders used were either ball-type or fine stick powders that meter consistency through progressive-press throwers, allowing smoother volume loading. Learn more about the brands at these websites www.Hodgdon.com, www.IMRPowder.com, www.WWPowder.com or www.GoexPowder.com and connect with the Hodgdon brand on Facebook or YouTube. No part of the landscape, from pop cans to squirrels, was immune to a 10 round burst from a Ruger. The TaurusTX 22 Compact delivers class-leading reliability, capacity, and shootability in a 22 LR platform, and it's cut for a slide-mounted mini red dot. However, Federals gamble came back with mixed results. Todd is a competitive shooter and firearms instructor. Classic Hunter Elite Hunter 338 Caliber 6.5mm: 6.5 Creedmoor 260 Remington 6.5 x 55mm Swedish Mauser 6.5-284 Norma 26 Nosler 270 Caliber: 270 Winchester He still serves the NKCPD as a Range Officer volunteer today. This resulted in COLs shorter than 2.26 inches for some bullets, even the longer ones, but most bullets worked fine at 2.26 inches. As of 2014, Ryan and Dianna have become full time hunters and competitors, focusing most predominately on 3-Gun. I have shot benchrest, F-Class, PRS, ELR, NRL hunter, and field matches. It is made by necking up the .22 Nosler case, setting the shoulder back and shortening the overall case length from 1.750 inches to 1.600 inches. This data is available for 80 different loads featuring 50- to 90-grain bullet options (from Hornady, Nosler, Federal, Swift and Sierra) and powders from Hodgdon, IMR and Winchester . Another surprisingly good predator and varmint load particularly for fur collectors that need to minimize pelt damage and for hunters in lead-restricted zones pushes Noslers 35-grain Lead Free BT at about 3,800 fps and groups beautifully. Because it uses the 6.8 SPC as its parent case, the .224 Valkyrie fits and functions in any quality AR-15 magazine designed for the 6.8 SPC and/or 22 Nosler. Todd is also a sought-after firearms instructor for military, law enforcement, and competitive shooters around the world. To be able to use the full range of Shopware 6, we recommend activating Javascript in your browser. Home; Articles; Forum; Reloading Tutorials; About; Login . JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. Factory-advertised numbers, both in ammunition and handloading data, are generated using 24-inch test barrels. Introduced by Federal in 2017 and approved by SAAMI in 2018, the new 224 Valkyrie has been quickly adopted by long-range shooters. 224 Valkyrie Web Data 1.21.21.xlsx Author: carterc1 Created Date: 1/21/2021 3:04:40 PM . All Guns and Ammo subscribers now have digital access to their magazine content. The 22-inch, stainless steel barrel includes a medium-contour, 1:7 twist, full-length flutes and is threaded to hold a muzzle brake or suppressor. The results from my calibration loads are shown in a separate chart. In short, the .224 Valkyrie tends to provide poor accuracy with the bullet that all the hype is built around the 90-grain Sierra MatchKing (SMK). He is also the past Editor of Blackpowder Guns and Hunting Magazine. Bottom line: There was hardly any difference between my results and the manuals data. You find 17 loads in caliber .224 Valkyrie with Nosler bullets either below or in our load database by clicking the 'Matchin, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 53gr | Nosler Varmageddon FB, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 50gr | Nosler Ballistic Tip Lead-Free, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 55gr | Nosler Varmageddon BTip, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 70gr | Nosler RDF HPBT, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 85gr | Nosler RDF HPBT, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 77gr | Nosler Custom Competition, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 60gr | Nosler Partition, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 60gr | Nosler Ballistic Tip, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 40gr | Nosler Ballistic Tip Lead-Free, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 55gr | Nosler Expansion Tip, .224 Valkyrie || .224 | 80gr | Nosler Custom Competition. Because it uses the 6.8 SPC as its parent case, the .224 Valkyrie fits and functions in any quality AR-15 magazine designed for the 6.8 SPC and/or 22 Nosler. A healthy dose of Hodgdons CFE-223 powder drives it out the 20-inch J.P. Enterprises barrel of my custom 2A Armament AR-15 at a fraction more than 3,400 feet per second (fps), and its actually the single most accurate handload Ive tried. The store will not work correctly in the case when cookies are disabled. Taurus Marketing Manager Caleb Giddings highlights the features of the new Taurus Raging Hunter 460 Magnum, a purpose-built revolver with a 10.5-inch barrel and an effective recoil-taming brake, with Guns & Ammo Executive Editor Joe Kurtenbach. Impact energy and wind-bucking ability aside, the .224 Valkyrie provides ballistics that nip at the heels of the uber-popular 6.5 Creedmoor but it doesnt require stepping up to an AR-10 (assuming you are a precision-semiauto kind of guy). An avid shooter and outdoorsman, George takes pride in the quality custom rifles that G.A. I set the sizing die to set the case shoulder back only about 0.002 inch to prolong case life. Load Data / Description. The best group was .80 moa with a 77 Sierra tipped matchking. .224 Valkyrie vs 6.8 SPC Some writers have described the Valkyrie as a "scaled down Creedmoor." However, the Valkyrie case is derived from a slightly shortened 6.8 SPC case, necked-down to .22 caliber. The rounded ogive of this relatively short bullet required seating nearly .20-inch shorter than the maximum 2.26 inches, even an OAL only .095-inch longer than the adopted 2.065 inches failed to chamber fully and allow the rifle to fire. Doubling that will come close to including practice rounds spent at his one-of-a-kind shooting range he built on the edge of the Snake River Canyon. The Hodgdon lab technicians have been busy and have tested hundreds of load recipes for the new round. Facing off in a handgun challenge featuring the smallest professional-grade enclosed red dot sight on the market, Eric and Tom put the Acro P-2 to the distance test by doing a walk-back challenge. With the simple max BC plugged in and maintained (which of course doesnt happen in real life), the bullet does stay supersonic to 1,300 yards. You can find Ryan on Shooting Gallery on The Outdoor Channel, and Realtree.com. The TaurusTX 22 Compact delivers class-leading reliability, capacity, and shootability in a 22 LR platform, and it's cut for a slide-mounted mini red dot. 224 Valkyrie fight! Thats still a durned long ways for an AR-15 cartridge, but its not 1,300. 22-250 Rem. His last three years of service were spent at the 1st Marine Division Scout Sniper School as the Primary Marksmanship Instructor. The terrain in Southern Idaho often requires a hunter to be able to take shots at 400 yards and well beyond. Just like most great cartridges, its lineage is further proof that we can't leave well-enough alone. In 1999, George opened GA Precision after apprenticing with three gunsmiths. To comply with the new e-Privacy directive, we need to ask for your consent to set the cookies. Loaded with 60 to 62-grain polymer-tipped or hollowpoint bullets, the Valkyrie offers a wonderful long-range/windy day varmint option, while heavier numbers make it ready for light big-game duties, including pronghorn, deer and especially wild hogs, or for banging steel way out there. He volunteers as an alter sever at Mass on Sunday at church and is a member in the Civilian Airpatrol Program. The G1 BC of this bullet is .563, which is slightly higher than that of Hornadys 6.5mm 130-grain ELD Match bullet used in the 6.5 Creedmoor. Because the bolt of an AR-15 unlocks and begins to cam the case rearward out of the chamber while the bullet is still in the bore and the chamber still pressurized, cases get stretched. Federal wanted to make a cartridge that could compete with .22 Nosler but still feed on an AR-15 platform rifle. While new load data will continue to be updated on Hodgdons Reloading Data Center, this new 224 Valkyriedata is available immediately at www.HodgdonReloading.com. I was delighted to prepare and test 224 Valkyrie handloads for this manual. 220 swift 221 remington fireball 222 remington 222 remington magnum 223 remington 223 wssm 224 valkyrie 5.56 nato 10.5 barrel 5.56 nato 14.5 barrel 5.56 nato 16.5 barrel 5.56 nato 20 barrel 224 weatherby magnum .